Technical analysis of precision reducer commonly used in industrial robots

An industrial robot is a general-purpose machine equipped with storage devices and end effectors that can perform various movements or processes to replace human labor.Usually in production, it can replace workers to do some monotonous, substituting and repetitive operations, or operations in dangerous and harsh environments.It can improve production efficiency and product quality, and is an effective plan for companies to supplement and replace labor.At present, the development of industrial robots is characterized by high speed, precision, compact shell mechanism, multiple degrees of freedom and improved rigidity.Critical areas also require heavy load or fast response speeds.For example, most electric welding robots for automotive production have loads between 150-300kg, while assembly robots in electronics fields need to respond quickly to attachments on the assembly line.In the field of mechanical transmission, the reducer is an intermediate device connecting the power supply and the actuator.Generally, it achieves the purpose of deceleration by transmitting the high-speed power of the electric motor, internal combustion engine, etc. through the small gear on the input shaft and the large gear on the output shaft.At present, the mature and standardized reducers are: cylindrical reducer, worm gear reducer, planetary reducer, planetary gear reducer, RV reducer, cycloid reducer and harmonic reducer..Since the 1980s and 1990s, under the development needs of emerging industries such as aerospace, robotics and medical equipment, high-performance precision reducers have simple structure, transmission power, low noise and stable transmission, including RV reducers and Harmonic reducers are two important reducers in precision reducers.RV (rotation vector) reducer has occupied the market since 1986, due to its large transmission ratio, high transmission efficiency, high motion precision and hysteresis, RV reducer is developed based on cycloidal pin wheel transmission, with two-stage reduction and Center disk support.structure.The advantages of small size, vibration, high rigidity and high reliability are the 'queen' reducer of the robot.Harmonic reducer Harmonic reducer consists of three parts: harmonic generator, flexibility theory and rigid wheel.Its working principle is that the harmonic generator makes the flexible wheel produce controllable elastic deformation, and the electric power is transmitted by the ions of the flexible wheel and the rigid wheel.The harmonic reducer has a large transmission ratio, small profile, few parts and high transmission efficiency.Individual gear ratios can reach 50-.And achieve the purpose of deceleration; according to different wave generators, there are cam type, drum type and eccentric disc type.4000, the transmission efficiency is as high as 92%-96%.Planetary reducer The planetary reducer is small in size, light in weight, high in load capacity, long in operation, stable and low in noise.It has the unique and useful characteristics of power splitting and multi-tooth rotor; it is an industrial product with a wide range of uses, and its performance can be distinguished from other military planetary reducer products, but it has the price of an industrial-grade product and is widely used in industrial situations..The role of precision reducers on industrial robots, the power supply of industrial robots is usually AC servo motors.Because it is driven by a pulse signal, the servo motor itself can achieve speed regulation.Why do industrial robots need reducers?Industrial robots usually perform repetitive actions to complete the same process; in order to ensure that industrial robots can reliably complete tasks in production and ensure process quality, the positioning accuracy and repeat positioning accuracy of industrial robots are very high.Therefore, in order to improve and ensure the accuracy of industrial robots, RV reducers or harmonic reducers are required.Another role of precision reducers in industrial robots is to transmit gears that change speed.It is not cost-effective to blindly increase the power of the servo motor when there is a load.You can increase the output budget through the reducer through the suitable speed range.Maximum, servo motors are prone to heat and vibration during operation, which is not conducive to ensuring accurate and reliable operation of industrial robots that work continuously and continuously.The presence of a precision reducer makes the servo motor run at a suitable speed and precisely reduces the steering required for each part of the industrial robot, and improves the rigidity of the mechanical body when converting torque.The robot joint reducer needs to have the characteristics of short transmission chain, small size, high power, light weight and easy control.have