The transmission efficiency of the reducer is affected by a variety of factors, mainly including the following aspects:
Gear parameters and design
Module and number of teeth: When the modulus is large and the number of teeth is large, the gear teeth have a high load-bearing capacity and can transmit greater power, but the transmission efficiency may be slightly reduced due to factors such as tooth surface friction; on the contrary, if the modulus is small and the number of teeth is small, the transmission efficiency may be higher, but the load-bearing capacity is relatively low.
Tooth shape: Different tooth shapes, such as involute tooth shapes, cycloid tooth shapes, etc., have different transmission efficiency. For example, involute tooth shapes are widely used, with high transmission efficiency and stable; cycloid tooth shapes can achieve more stable transmission in some specific occasions, and the efficiency is also considerable. Optimized tooth shape design, such as using a retouched tooth shape, can improve the contact situation of the tooth surface, reduce meshing impact, and improve transmission efficiency.
Helical angle: The size of the helical angle affects the load-bearing capacity and transmission efficiency of the gear. Appropriately increasing the spiral angle and increasing the overlap degree can make the transmission more stable and also improve the transmission efficiency. However, too large the spiral angle will increase the axial force, resulting in an increase in the bearing load, which has an adverse impact on efficiency.
Manufacturing accuracy
Gear machining accuracy: High-precision gear machining can ensure the accuracy of parameters such as tooth shape and tooth direction, make the gear mesh more tightly, reduce the sliding friction and impact between the tooth surfaces, and thus improve transmission efficiency. For example, precision-machined gears can have a transmission efficiency of several percentage points higher than ordinary precision gears.
Assembly accuracy: The assembly accuracy of the reducer is also crucial to transmission efficiency. Accurate assembly can ensure the correct meshing position and clearance between the gears, avoiding problems such as uneven stress and increased friction caused by assembly errors. For example, insufficient bearing installation accuracy may cause the gear shaft to deflect, affect the gear meshing quality and reduce transmission efficiency.
Lubrication conditions
Viscosity of lubricating oil: Viscosity is an important indicator of lubricating oil. Lubricating oil with appropriate viscosity can form a good oil film on the surface of the gear, effectively reducing tooth surface friction, reducing wear and improving transmission efficiency. If the viscosity is too high, it will increase the stirring resistance and increase the power loss; if the viscosity is too low, the oil film thickness is insufficient, making it difficult to play a good lubricating role, which will also lead to a decrease in efficiency.
Lubrication method: Different lubrication methods have different effects on the transmission efficiency of the reducer. For example, oil immersion lubrication is suitable for low-speed heavy loading occasions, while splash lubrication is often used in medium- and high-speed reducers. Oil injection lubrication can more accurately control the supply of lubricating oil, and can effectively improve transmission efficiency under high-speed heavy loading.
